Plantes et botanique

Espèces

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Viola, L. , Sp. Pl. 2: 933. 1753.

Description

Distribution

Le genre est subcosmopolite, principalement réparti dans les régions tempérées de l'hemisphère nord.

Description

Il s'agit de plantes vivaces ou annuelles, parfois suffrutescentes ou stolonifères, généralement rhizomateuses et acaulescentes, aux feuilles basales et rosulées, les caulinaires étant alternes, simples ou disséquées, munies de stipules libres ou plus ou moins adnées au pétiole. Les fleurs, zygomorphes et bisexuées, sont solitaires, souvent dimorphes (présence de fleurs cleistogames). Elles se composent de 5 sépales libres, égaux ou subégaux, souvent auriculés, de 5 pétales libres et inégaux, le pétale antérieur étant souvent plus développé et possédant un éperon, de 5 étamines libres, aux anthèressouvent cohérentes autour de l'ovaire, les 2 antérieures étant munies d'un appendice nectarifère enchassés dans l'éperon corollaire, et d'un ovaire supère à 3 carpelles, aux placentas pariétaux. Les fruits sont des capsules à dehiscence loculicide.

Les espèces du genre

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Viola abyssinica
Viola abyssinica
Viola accrescens
Viola accrescens
Viola acuminata
Viola acuminata
Viola acutifolia
Viola acutifolia
Viola adenothrix
Viola adenothrix
Viola adunca
Viola adunca
Viola aethnensis
Viola aethnensis
Viola aetolica
Viola aetolica
Viola affinis
Viola affinis

Viola alaica
Viola alba
Viola alba
Viola albida
Viola albida
Viola alexandrowiana
Viola alexandrowiana
Viola alisoviana
Viola alisoviana
Viola allchariensis
Viola allchariensis
Viola allchariensis
Viola allchariensis
Viola alliariifolia
Viola alliariifolia

Viola allochroa
Viola alpina
Viola alpina
Viola altaica
Viola altaica
Viola amamiana
Viola amamiana
Viola ambigua
Viola ambigua

Viola amurica
Viola arborescens
Viola arborescens
Viola arcuata
Viola arcuata
Viola argenteria
Viola argenteria

Viola arguta
Viola arsenica
Viola arsenica
Viola arvensis
Viola arvensis
Viola athois
Viola athois
Viola atropurpurea
Viola atropurpurea

Viola atroviolacea

Viola aurea

Viola austro-ussuriensis

Viola avatschensis
Viola bakeri
Viola bakeri

Viola bangiana
Viola banksii
Viola banksii

Viola barroetana

Viola beckinna
Viola beckwithii
Viola beckwithii
Viola bertolonii
Viola bertolonii
Viola betonicifolia
Viola betonicifolia

Viola bhutanica
Viola bicolor
Viola bicolor
Viola biflora
Viola biflora
Viola bissetii
Viola bissetii
Viola blanda
Viola blanda
Viola blandiformis
Viola blandiformis
Viola boissieuana
Viola boissieuana

Viola brachyceras
Viola brachyphylla
Viola brachyphylla
Viola brachysepala
Viola brachysepala
Viola brevistipulata
Viola brevistipulata
Viola brittoniana
Viola brittoniana
Viola bubanii
Viola bubanii

Viola bulbosa
Viola calcarata
Viola calcarata
Viola caleyana
Viola caleyana

Viola cameleo
Viola canadensis
Viola canadensis

Viola canescens
Viola canina
Viola canina

Viola carnosula
Viola caucasica
Viola caucasica
Viola cazorlensis
Viola cazorlensis
Viola cenisia
Viola cenisia
Viola cerasifolia
Viola cerasifolia
Viola chaerophylloides
Viola chaerophylloides
Viola chamissoniana
Viola chamissoniana
Viola charlestonensis
Viola charlestonensis
Viola chelmea
Viola chelmea

Viola cinerea
Viola clauseniana
Viola clauseniana

Viola cleistogamoides

Viola cochranei
Viola collina
Viola collina
Viola comollia
Viola comollia
Viola concordifolia
Viola concordifolia

Viola confertifolia
Viola cornuta
Viola cornuta
Viola corsica
Viola corsica
Viola cotyledon
Viola cotyledon
Viola crassa
Viola crassa

Viola crassicornis
Viola crassiuscula
Viola crassiuscula

Viola cretacea

Viola cretica
Viola cucullata
Viola cucullata
Viola cuneata
Viola cuneata
Viola cunninghamii
Viola cunninghamii

Viola curvistylis

Viola cuspidifolia
Viola czemalensis
Viola czemalensis

Viola dacica

Viola dactyloides

Viola davidii
Viola declinata
Viola declinata
Viola decumbens
Viola decumbens
Viola delavayi
Viola delavayi
Viola delphinantha
Viola delphinantha
Viola demetria
Viola demetria

Viola diamantiaca
Viola diffusa
Viola diffusa
Viola disjuncta
Viola disjuncta
Viola dissecta
Viola dissecta
Viola diversifolia
Viola diversifolia
Viola doer?eri
Viola doer?eri

Viola dombeyana

Viola domeikoana
Viola douglasii
Viola douglasii
Viola dubyana
Viola dubyana

Viola duclouxii
Viola dukadjinica
Viola dukadjinica
Viola dyris
Viola dyris

Viola ebracteolata
Viola egglestonii
Viola egglestonii
Viola eizanensis
Viola eizanensis
Viola elatior
Viola elatior

Viola elegantula
Viola elisabethae
Viola elisabethae

Viola eminii
Viola epipsila
Viola epipsila
Viola eugeniae
Viola eugeniae
Viola eximía
Viola eximía

Viola exsul
Viola faurieana
Viola faurieana

Viola fedtschenkoana

Viola filicaulis
Viola fischeri
Viola fischeri

Viola fissifolia
Viola flettii
Viola flettii

Viola flos-idae
Viola fluehmanni
Viola fluehmanni
Viola formosana
Viola formosana

Viola forrestiana

Viola fragrans
Viola frank-smithii
Viola frank-smithii

Viola frigida

Viola frondosa

Viola fuscifolia
Viola fuscoviolacea
Viola fuscoviolacea

Viola ganchouenensis
Viola glabella
Viola glabella

Viola glaucescens
Viola gmeliniana
Viola gmeliniana
Viola gracilis
Viola gracilis

Viola gracillima

Viola grahamii

Viola grandisepala

Viola granulosa
Viola grayi
Viola grayi
Viola grisebachiana
Viola grisebachiana
Viola grypoceras
Viola grypoceras
Viola guadalupensis
Viola guadalupensis

Viola guangzhouensis

Viola guatemalensis

Viola guizhouensis
Viola hallii
Viola hallii

Viola hamiltoniana

Viola hancockii
Viola hastata
Viola hastata
Viola hederacea
Viola hederacea

Viola hediniana
Viola heldreichiana
Viola heldreichiana

Viola helenae

Viola hemsleyana

Viola henryi

Viola hillii
Viola hirsutula
Viola hirsutula
Viola hirta
Viola hirta
Viola hirtipes
Viola hirtipes
Viola hispida
Viola hispida

Viola hissarica
Viola hondoensis
Viola hondoensis

Viola hookeri

Viola hookeriana

Viola hossei
Viola howellii
Viola howellii

Viola huanucoensis
Viola hultenii
Viola hultenii

Viola humboldtii
Viola humilis
Viola humilis

Viola hunanensis

Viola hymettia

Viola ignobilis

Viola incisa

Viola inconspicua

Viola indica

Viola ircutiana

Viola isopetala

Viola iwagawae
Viola japonica
Viola japonica
Viola jaubertiana
Viola jaubertiana

Viola javanica
Viola jooi
Viola jooi
Viola jordani
Viola jordani
Viola kamtschadalorum
Viola kamtschadalorum

Viola karakalensis
Viola kauaaensis
Viola kauaaensis
Viola keiskei
Viola keiskei

Viola kermesina

Viola kiangsiensis
Viola kitaibeliana
Viola kitaibeliana

Viola kjellbergii

Viola kosanensis

Viola kosanini

Viola kunawurensis
Viola kupfferi
Viola kupfferi
Viola kusanoana
Viola kusanoana
Viola kusnezowiana
Viola kusnezowiana
Viola labradorica
Viola labradorica
Viola lactea
Viola lactea
Viola lactiflora
Viola lactiflora
Viola lanaiensis
Viola lanaiensis
Viola lanceolata
Viola lanceolata

Viola langeana
Viola langsdorfii
Viola langsdorfii
Viola lavrenkoana
Viola lavrenkoana

Viola lehmannii
Viola lithion
Viola lithion
Viola littoralis
Viola littoralis
Viola lobata
Viola lobata

Viola lucens
Viola lutea
Viola lutea
Viola lyallii
Viola lyallii
Viola macloskeyi
Viola macloskeyi

Viola macroceras
Viola magellensis
Viola magellensis

Viola magnifica

Viola mandonii
Viola mandshurica
Viola mandshurica
Viola matutina
Viola matutina
Viola mauritii
Viola mauritii
Viola maviensis
Viola maviensis
Viola maximowicziana
Viola maximowicziana

Viola mearnsii

Viola membranacea
Viola mercurii
Viola mercurii

Viola merrilliana

Viola meyeriana

Viola micranthella
Viola minor
Viola minor

Viola minuta
Viola mirabilis
Viola mirabilis
Viola missouriensis
Viola missouriensis
Viola modestula
Viola modestula

Viola monbeigii

Viola mongolica
Viola monochroa
Viola monochroa

Viola montagnei
Viola montana
Viola montana
Viola montcaunica
Viola montcaunica

Viola moupinensis

Viola mucronulifera
Viola muehldorfii
Viola muehldorfii
Viola munbyana
Viola munbyana

Viola nagasawai

Viola nannae

Viola nannei
Viola nebronensis
Viola nebronensis

Viola nemausensis
Viola nephrophylla
Viola nephrophylla

Viola nivalis

Viola nobilis
Viola novae-angliae
Viola novae-angliae

Viola nuda
Viola nummulariifolia
Viola nummulariifolia
Viola nuttallii
Viola nuttallii
Viola oahuensis
Viola oahuensis
Viola obliqua
Viola obliqua
Viola obtusa
Viola obtusa
Viola occulta
Viola occulta
Viola ocellata
Viola ocellata
Viola odorata
Viola odorata

Viola oligoceps
Viola orbiculata
Viola orbiculata
Viola oreades
Viola oreades
Viola orientalis
Viola orientalis

Viola orphanidis

Viola orthoceras
Viola ovato-oblonga
Viola ovato-oblonga

Viola oxycentra
Viola pachyrrhiza
Viola pachyrrhiza

Viola pacifica

Viola pallascaensis
Viola palmata
Viola palmata
Viola palustris
Viola palustris

Viola papuana

Viola paravaginata
Viola parvula
Viola parvula
Viola patrinii
Viola patrinii
Viola pedata
Viola pedata
Viola pedatifida
Viola pedatifida
Viola pedunculata
Viola pedunculata
Viola perinensis
Viola perinensis
Viola persicifolia
Viola persicifolia
Viola phalacrocarpa
Viola phalacrocarpa
Viola philippica
Viola philippica
Viola philippii
Viola philippii

Viola pilosa
Viola pinetorum
Viola pinetorum
Viola pinnata
Viola pinnata

Viola placida
Viola poetica
Viola poetica

Viola pogonantha
Viola praemorsa
Viola praemorsa
Viola primulifolia
Viola primulifolia

Viola principis
Viola prionantha
Viola prionantha
Viola pseudogracilis
Viola pseudogracilis
Viola pseudomirabilis
Viola pseudomirabilis

Viola pseudomonbeigii

Viola pubescens
Viola pumila
Viola pumila
Viola purpurea
Viola purpurea

Viola pusillima
Viola pygmaea
Viola pygmaea
Viola pyrenaica
Viola pyrenaica
Viola quercetorum
Viola quercetorum
Viola raddeana
Viola raddeana
Viola reichei
Viola reichei
Viola reichenbachiana
Viola reichenbachiana
Viola renifolia
Viola renifolia

Viola repens

Viola replicata
Viola rhodopeia
Viola rhodopeia
Viola riviniana
Viola riviniana

Viola roigii
Viola rossii
Viola rossii
Viola rostrata
Viola rostrata
Viola rotundifolia
Viola rotundifolia
Viola rupestris
Viola rupestris

Viola rupicola

Viola saccata
Viola sacchalinensis
Viola sacchalinensis

Viola sagittata
Viola saxatilis
Viola saxatilis

Viola scandens

Viola schensiensis

Viola schneideri

Viola schulzeana
Viola scorpiuroides
Viola scorpiuroides
Viola selkirkii
Viola selkirkii
Viola sempervirens
Viola sempervirens

Viola senzanensis
Viola septemloba
Viola septemloba
Viola sheltonii
Viola sheltonii
Viola shikokiana
Viola shikokiana
Viola shinchikuensis
Viola shinchikuensis

Viola siebeana
Viola sieberiana
Viola sieberiana
Viola sieboldii
Viola sieboldii

Viola sieheana

Viola sikkimensis
Viola silvestriformis
Viola silvestriformis

Viola sintenisii
Viola somchetica
Viola somchetica
Viola sororia
Viola sororia

Viola speciosa

Viola sphaerocarpa
Viola splendida
Viola splendida

Viola steinbachii

Viola stewardiana
Viola stipularis
Viola stipularis
Viola stojanowii
Viola stojanowii
Viola stoloniflora
Viola stoloniflora
Viola striata
Viola striata
Viola suavis
Viola suavis
Viola subdimidiata
Viola subdimidiata
Viola subsinuata
Viola subsinuata

Viola sumatrana

Viola sylvatica

Viola szetschwanensis
Viola tanaitica
Viola tanaitica

Viola tarbagataica
Viola tashiroi
Viola tashiroi

Viola tenuicornis

Viola tenuissima
Viola teshioensis
Viola teshioensis
Viola thibaudieri
Viola thibaudieri
Viola thomasiana
Viola thomasiana

Viola thomsonii
Viola tokubuchiana
Viola tokubuchiana
Viola tomentosa
Viola tomentosa

Viola triangulifolia

Viola trichosepala
Viola tricolor
Viola tricolor
Viola tridentata
Viola tridentata
Viola trinervata
Viola trinervata
Viola tripartita
Viola tripartita

Viola turczaninowii

Viola turkestanica
Viola uliginosa
Viola uliginosa
Viola umbraticola
Viola umbraticola
Viola uniflora
Viola uniflora

Viola urophylla

Viola ursina
Viola utahensis
Viola utahensis
Viola utchinensis
Viola utchinensis
Viola vaginata
Viola vaginata
Viola valderia
Viola valderia
Viola vallicola
Viola vallicola
Viola variegata
Viola variegata
Viola verecunda
Viola verecunda

Viola vespertina
Viola villosa
Viola villosa
Viola violacea
Viola violacea
Viola wailenalenae
Viola wailenalenae
Viola wallichiana
Viola wallichiana
Viola walteri
Viola walteri

Viola weberbaueri

Viola websteri

Viola weddellii

Viola willkommii

Viola yazawana
Viola yezoensis
Viola yezoensis

Viola yunnanensis

Viola yunnanfuensis

Viola purpurea

Kellogg , Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 56. 1855

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Syn. : Viola aurea, V. atriplicifolia

Distribution

Amérique du nord (nord-ouest du Mexique : Baja California, ouest des Etats-Unis : California, Nevada, Oregon, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Utah, Washington, Wyoming). Talus, prairies, rocailles, pinèdes Alt. : 1000-2900 m.

Description

Vivace rhizomateuse (haut : 0.02-0.25 m). Feuilles : ovales, orbiculaires, oblongues, deltoides ou lancéolées (long : 8-53 mm, large : 4-41 mm), base cordée à tronquée, apex obtus ou aigu, marges crénelées à subdentées, pétiole pubescent (long : 18-145 mm), stipules deltoides à lancéolées. Inflorescences : fleurs solitaires et axillaires. Fleurs : sépales lancéolés, pétales obovaux et jaunes, pétale antérieur muni d'un éperon cylindrique. Fruits : capsules ovoides (long : 4-7 mm).

Données éditées le 2019-05-23

Données externes
  • Tropicos
  • International Plant Name Index
  • Jstor Global Plants
  • Kew Royal Botanical Garden
  • The Plant list
  • Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris
  • Google